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Wikileaks / Cablegate / State Secrets (12/27/10) cablegate-201012271937.7z.torrent
12/27/10:
http://88.80.16.63/torrent/cablegate/cablegate-201012271937.7z.torrent
From Cryptome:
Date: Thu, 9 Dec 2010 20:22:53 -0500
To: funtimesahead[at]lists.riseup.net
From: "Michael Ellsberg" <michael[at]ellsberg.net>
Subject: [WL] Daniel Ellsberg on Colbert Report tonight- WikiLeaks
[This is a restricted internal development mailinglist for w-i-k-i-l-e-a-k-s-.-o-r-g.
Please do not mention that word directly in these discussions; refer instead to 'WL'.
This list is housed at riseup.net, an activist collective in Seattle with an established lawyer
and plenty of backbone.]
Dear Ellsberg.Net List Members,
Daniel Ellsberg will be appearing on the Colbert Report tonight, on the Comedy Central channel, defending WikiLeaks, Julian Assange, and Bradley Manning. This will air 11:30pm EST tonight (Thursday) and at the same time across the nation (i.e., 8:30pm PST).
It should also be available on the Net tomorrow--we'll post it on Ellsberg.Net as soon as it's available.
As you can imagine, this has been a very busy time for Daniel. With Assange in custody and unable to give interviews, Daniel has been seen by the media as one of the preeminent sources and authorities on the events and has been doing nonstop interviews with major media across the nation and the globe.
Here is a joint press release Daniel co-signed with other prominent whistleblowers, and here is Daniel's Open Letter to Amazon about their censorship of WikiLeaks.
We'll keep you posted on the latest news here, and to follow Dan's activities and views around WikiLeaks as stories break, follow him on Twitter here.
Thank you for your support,
--Michael Ellsberg
Wikileaks Wild Goose Chase
If you want to know where Wikileaks came from, who is behind it, how it operates, how to find the money, where it is headed and why initiatives like it are unstoppable, read this and pull your hair out knowing it's a wild goose chase:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cypherpunk
Latest Wikileaks Cablegate files:
http://88.80.16.63/file/cablegate/cablegate-201012082231.7z
Cryptome latest mirror, 9 December 2010, 06:40 ET US:
http://cryptome.org/0003/cablegate-201012082231.7z (1,193 cables, 3.6MB)
For Cablegate updates bookmark these:
http://88.80.16.63/torrent/cablegate/cablegate.7z.torrent
http://www.privetbank.com.ua/cablegate/index.html
http://www.wauland.de/presseerklaerung_accountsperrung.html Google translation.
Press Release of Wau Holland Foundation for the closure of their account with PayPal
The nonprofit foundation Wau Holland has with great surprise learned of the unannounced closure of their PayPal accounts.
Due to this arbitrary decision by the company PayPal, the Foundation currently has no access to donations received in recent days, about 10,000 €, which were donated by donors around the world last Friday and Saturday for the Wikileaks project.
Moreover, the statement published by PayPal that the Wau Holland Foundation supports and promotes "illegal activities" is a slander against which the Foundation has formally denied.
The Foundation has therefore asked a lawyer to initiate action against PayPal. Paypal has been asked to remove this claim from its company blog and restore the unauthorized access to the donation account. WikiLeaks and the Wau Holland Foundation have removed references to the Paypal payment option from their respective websites.
The Wau Holland Foundation will continue to promote projects and activities that meet the objectives of the foundation. These include not only action against voting machines, the support of the TOR anonymizing platform and other projects such as Wikileaks. The Foundation feels this meets the ideals of freedom of the data-philosopher Wau Holland, founder of the Chaos Computer Club, and is committed and supported in accordance with their bylaws: "... global communication, freedom of information and moral courage of electronic media ...".
The Wau Holland Foundation can be reached electronically.
A sends:
Assange has made it impossible to get intel from the pedestrian world, but he needs to know that his contact with Rachel Wells at Rackspace was not kept confidential. It was blabbed on Facebook.
Rackspace HQ is out of San Antonio, which also houses substantial FBI and NSA IT security resources. My guess is that they will be all over Rackspace by Monday PM looking to set something up to ensnare his organization.
While I don t completely trust Assange, I think he s in the Mossad s back pocket, I do believe his work is important, psyop or not.
A sends:
http://213.251.145.96/mass-mirror.html
Mass-mirroring Wikileaks
Wikileaks is currently under heavy attack. In order to make it impossible to ever fully remove Wikileaks from the Internet, we need your help. If you have a unix-based server which is hosting a website on the Internet and you want to give wikileaks some of your hosting resources, you can help! [See instruction at the URL.]
A sends:
Wikileaks Mirroring Tools
We from www.wikileaks.lu have released the Wikileaks Mirroring Tools just some minutes ago. They will basically keep your mirror synced to the most up-to-date Wikileaks-mirror available out there (currently 47 in the list). We created those tools, obviously, because the official sites tend to disappear rather quickly lately so there goes:
Feel free to share the link, forward this email or redistribute it in any other way.
Also:
http://www.privetbank.com.ua/cablegate/index.html
EXCLUSIVE: @privet_bank cats proudly present cablegate-diff-201012051016.7z with differences between cables in easy to look and understand format. Diff partially reveal something that WikiLeaks were not willing to share with public.
On 3 December 2010, Wikileaks offered via chat an archive (42827 torrents) of its legacy material prior to the bombshell releases. It also includes 718 diplomatic cables:
http://www.privetbank.com.ua/cablegate/wikileaks_archive-201012032035.7z.torrent
Cryptome mirror:
http://cryptome.org/0003/wikileaks_archive.7z (3.2MB)
Wikileaks bountiful mirrors, finally real wikis are rapidly spreading:
http://openetherpad.org/WikiLeaks (EN)
http://piratenpad.de/CBlttttTHT (DN)
Cryptome mirror:
http://cryptome.org/0003/wikileaks-wikiing.htm
Track Wikileaks servers: http://toolbar.netcraft.com/site_report?url=wikileaks.org
12/05/10
cablegate-201012051016.7z
-
http://www.wikileaks.pl
http://www.wikileaks.fi
wikileaks.dataleech.com
wikileaks.stasi.fi
wikileaks.piraaattipuolue.fi
Ref: http://wikileaks.stasi.fi/cablegate.html
___
More...
List of Proxy caches and mirrors:
http://pastebin.com/2ASAUkR6
Dozens of sites being set up:
http://etherpad.mozilla.org:9000/wikileaks
___
The below no longer works:
http://file.wikileaks.org/torrent/cablegate/cablegate-201012031001.7z.torrent
To get this torrent click on link below. To download it you need a torrent program such as the free uTorrent.
12/02/10
http://file.wikileaks.org/torrent/cablegate/cablegate-201012020501.7z.torrent
___
12/03/10
Refs: http://cablegate.wikileaks.org/ (dead dead dead)
http://domainnamewire.com/2010/12/03/wikileaks-domain-not-shut-down-just-dns/
Assange:
We've been raped?:
http://radsoft.net/news/20101001,01.shtml
___
Misc. news refs:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11921080
http://torrentfreak.com/troubled-wikileaks-moves-to-pirate-party-domain-101203/#comment-741342
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-11907641
"Wikileaks Documentary" http://svtplay.se/v/2264028/wikirebels___the_documentary?cb,a1364145,1,f,-1/pb,a1364142,1,f,-1/pl,v,,2264028/sb,p118750,1,f,-1
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/15/world/europe/15assange.html?_r=1&pagewanted=2&src=twrhp
WikiLeaks founder speaks:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XJWNFJmQnWI
___
Related:
http://tekgnosis.typepad.com/tekgnosis/2010/12/arrest-assange-arrest-the-banksters-instead.html
http://campverdebugleonline.com/main.asp?SectionID=36&SubSectionID=73&ArticleID=28960
Wikileaks History Insurance
http://cryptome.org/0003/wikileaks-history.htm
https://thepiratebay.org/torrent/5723136/WikiLeaks_insurance
From Cryptome:
17 December 2010. Add A2 response.
15 December 2010
Wikileaks Cables Amok
A sends:
In the last days I have been following the release of a bunch of US diplomatic cables from W-i-k-i-l-e-a-k-s. All of them were initially released uncensored but as you might know some of them have been removed, others have been partially redacted (a.k.a. censored) without any kind of prior notice.
The people from WL said that they will redact some of the names in order to remove personal identifiable information but in fact they have removed full paragraphs that although they could be a little bit embarrassing for US diplomacy they do not put anybody at risk.
For example:
- There were 13 cables deleted from WL cablegate site (e.g.: #09LONDON1385).
- At least 11 cables were slightly redacted (e.g.: #07PARIS322).
- 138 cables published by Lebanese Al-Akhbar paper but not yet put into WL.
- 33 cables disclosed by the British paper The Guardian but not yet in WL.
I have not seen or read any news regarding this strange change of policy in any media so this is the reason I think you might be interested to know about it and maybe publish it in your site for public scrutiny.
You can check the differences with the uncensored cables at:
* http://leakager742hufco.onion (with tor as its a hidden service)
* http://www.mein-parteibuch.org.nyud.net/cablegate/
A2 sends:
I am curious about 'A sends' on http://cryptome.org/0003/wikileaks-amok.htm
It is stated by A that 'There were 13 cables deleted from WL cablegate site (e.g.: #09LONDON1385).' The latter cable is a bad example because I downloaded the most recent archive of the cables from http://www.wikileaks.ch/cablegate.html (a file called cablegate-201012161015.7z) and the cable #09LONDON1385 is in there, and it is also on the 'Cable Viewer' http://cablesearch.org/ and also it is not one of the missing or redacted cables that are mentioned on the site that A links to: http://www.mein-parteibuch.org.nyud.net/cablegate/
Ref: http://cryptome.org/0003/wikileaks-amok.htm
More: Wikileaks Series on Cryptome 2006-2010 with Related Files
http://cryptome.org/0003/wikileaks-series.htm
The spy who billed me twice
http://cryptome.org/0003/ja-spy-twice.htm
Newest Wikileaks Cablegate torrent:
http://tekgnosis.typepad.com/tekgnosis/2011/01/-wikileaks-cablegate-state-secrets-012811-cablegate-2011012822357ztorrent.html
Chapter 4 – Growing up in Torbeo
“Myrtle, wake up!” I heard Esmeralda say to me in a hurried tone, as she woke me from my deep sleep. “I think I had a dream last night, it was the most beautiful dream: All of the creatures of the forest had come to visit last night and there was a royal feast, here in our castle, you even sat next to me the whole evening as we celebrated the newly discovered friendships and I made a vow with the creatures of our kingdom and also the plants of the forests and gardens of our kingdom.”
Esmeralda’s wide eyes inspected my own, very closely, as though she could read a sign written with the truth inside my pupils. Her green eyes sparkled so brilliantly with the reflection of the morning sun, that I was forced to ask the young princess to please stop interrogating me. It was then, that I fully realized the innocence of the princess child and then, I started to giggle and decided to play a bit with her.
Well, my dear child, I said, I do believe that you must have indeed had a bad case of indigestion last night causing you such a far fetched dream. What sort of illusion are those? The animals of the forest would not travel far, not even in the perfect light of day, to visit an old castle like ours, inhabited by a human princess and us, boring, castle mascots. You must have had a dream indeed, therefore, let me sing you a song:
“When dream you must, dream large dreams of fairies and enchanted forests, dream of talking turtles like me and most of all, dream of beautiful princesses like you, in far away magical lands like ours!! Then, just then, your dreams may come true, for when you dream, might as well, dream big, just in case, it all comes true, anyway, for one may never know whether it is true or just a dream, might as well, dream large and big my dear, and have lots of fun along the way… When you wake up, you may never know if it was true or not, if it will come true or not, so might as well dream big!”
Esmeralda, then, joined in my tune and repeated: “Might as well dream big, one may never know if it will really come true someday. Might as well dream big and big of a dream I had last night!”
“I am happier than ever anyway, for I had a vision of what real friendship can be!” Then, Esmeralda grabbed my arms and lifted me up in the air twirling with me in a fabulous dance, just like she had done the night before with her mascot Noodles.
From laughing so hard, we both fell on her bed and sang some more: “One must really dream big if we are going to dream at all!”
“I like that song,” Esmeralda finally added catching her own breath and still holding me tightly near her neck and lifting me up in the air one more time.
“Enough my dear child, up we go, it’s time for breakfast!” all the while, I knew what Esmeralda did not: That all of the creatures of the forest indeed, had been our guests for the night and that as gracious hostesses, breakfast would have to served before sending our hungry crowd back to their homes in the forest and rivers of Torbeo’s kingdom.
“Hold my hand, dear princess, let’s walk to the royal dining room and see what our friend Harry is fixing us for breakfast this glorious morning,” I said to Esmeralda in preparation of what I forebode would be such a surprise she might even faint.
Thus, along we went, walking hand in hand through the long hallway leading to the other side of the castle, like we had done many times before. However, this day I carried a little tune in my head and a giggle in my heart, for the young princess was the happiest I had ever seen and now, the dream was not in my head; just another fantasy to see young Esmeralda at last stop crying from sadness and loneliness. It seemed to me that this surprise was all that I had been waiting for all my life and I could not wait to arrive to our destination this morning.
“Harry, what are you up to, old friend,” I announced in prelude to my own dream and to opening the door of the royal dining room. With a prompt hop, Harry arrived to open the door and the scene was more than what I could have possibly imagined. Inside the royal dining room, all of the animals of the forest: The flamenco dancing doves, the bagpipes, musical sheep, the dancing beavers, “gaiteros,”XXXXXXX and the full orchestra of animals and the violinists squirrels, were all up and held a large linen tablecloth from the kitchen with a message they had written in purple cake icing to the princess as she entered the royal room that sunny, winter morning: “Thank you for your kindness, your highness princess of Torbeo’s Magical Kingdom, we will never forget you!”
Esmeralda’s hands moved to her face, as she wiped her tears of happiness. Then, almost immediately, as I had expected, she turned to me and demanded an explanation: “But… you knew all along and you did not tell me!” “I could not resist,” I replied with my largest smile which showed all my teeth, “I could not spoil such a great dream of yours, now could I?” We both laughed and then I headed to my place in the royal table.
Breakfast was wonderful, Harry was in fact known all over our kingdom for his Spanish XXXXX omelettes called XXXXX (tortilla) with finely chopped onions, chorizo and fresh, small, diced potatoes. Bread was freshly baked again with generous portions of fresh melting fresh butter spread on it.
Warm, baked Castanas were XXXXXX Drinks XXXXXX
Before departing, all of the animals gathered at the castle’s beautiful garden for our farewell meeting and to share time with the young princess under the direct sun, as Esmeralda’s favorite spot in the castle.
This is how I started my meeting, that brisk morning with yellow sunlight piercing though from our bluest Galician skies: “Dear creatures and plants of the forest, today we are gathered here today to commemorate a significant day: Princess Esmeralda has joined our ranks and will now be the first human to carry our message of peace and friendship to the humans of our kingdom, perhaps, even other faraway lands beyond ours.
Esmeralda, will proudly represent us, I added. “She has been trained properly, of course, by me, I said, lifting my glasses and expecting to hear some laughter from the crowd and she has also been a very studious disciple in our castle. She listens well and cares about the issues of our people. Does anyone have any suggestions at this time of any further knowledge to offer Esmeralda and prepare her for the time she will have to face, even her fiercest enemy?
“Well I do,” replied Tony the golden Galician pony.” “We should allow Esmeralda to ask us any questions before we depart back to our the forest in Torbeo. We should tell her about some of the secrets that lay deep within the earth.”
With that statement, a roaring noise was heard, as everyone agreed and expanded on that thought from Tony, the pony. “Good idea!” said Ester the Hamster and also Gustav and Sophia, the dancing doves, almost in one voice. “Esmeralda, please step closer to the front, please ask any questions that you may have from the us, the creatures of the forest.”
Esmeralda looked around at the friendly faces and with much love and concern asked: “What is the greatest problem that your animal kingdom is facing right now?” “Deforestation!” they all said in unison. “We are losing our homes,” said Stephen the beaver. “We don’t have clean water to drink,” protested a young mother, next to her calf. “And we can’t even hide in the trees anymore when it storms,” cried yellow canary bird with a squeaky voice. “There is no place to offer shade in the hot Summer months, also complained an old, white bearded goat.
“Why don’t the trees and the animals of the forest rise up against the humans to protect the land and ultimately, saving future generations of humans?” asked Esmeralda. “We believe in peaceful ways,” added the violinist squirrel. “Our kingdom does not believe in violence or supports any form of aggression… Those are not our ways,” the squirrel added.
“That would defeat our purpose and our mission,” I expanded so that young Esmeralda would fully comprehend. “Our objective, is always to coexist with others and to offer help to the humans, we want them to learn from us and aspire to work the land, just as hard we do, without complaining, without greed and without any violence.”
“Have you ever heard a tree yell,?” Interjected a yellow butterfly who had been fluttering by and had been listening for a while. “Have you ever heard a tree talk back or protest to a human as it is being cut? Even to make the wood handle of the saw which will split it in half, or to make the wood trap which will kill the innocent mice who live freely among the trees of the forest and are gentle as our very own friend here, Ester the hamster?” added the splendid butterfly named, Sol, after the warm, Spanish sun.
“Tell me more about the trees, how do they communicate with each other to fight this devastation?” Esmeralda asked inquisitively Beatriz, Harry the Rabbit’s wife who visited her family in the forest all the time.
“Well, the trees and the plants of our land, communicate with each other thought their roots. These, lay hidden underneath the earth because in that way, their communication cannot be overheard by the humans on the surface of the earth.”
The trees have their own unique language. We, the animals of the world, living on the surface of the land, can only communicate with them, by getting close to their bark and making an effort to communicate with them. Then, millions of active cells float back and forth to us from their barks, creating a language that our minds can fully understand. The same process applies to the plants of the earth, except they communicate, instead of through their barks, they use through their long stalks to effectively share their knowledge.”
“The plants of the land,” added Beatriz, “are always willing to share and communicate with all of the creatures who live on the earth, even those, who unknowingly, disrespect nature’s value and creation.” “We have learned a lot from our fellow trees, here in Torbeo. For instance, trees are very sociable indeed, they always strive to be together and many perish, simply when placed alone and without any other trees growing within miles from them. However, even at a great distance, our giving and mighty friends, can communicate with each other through a very rich and extended system of roots. This unique system, invisible and undetectable to human eyes, is masterfully effective for every possible type of tree that exist in our planet.
Smaller plants are secondary in the web of communication between trees and plants. It has been further explained to us, Beatriz further explained, that it is because the plants have smaller life spans, therefore, smaller root connections. It takes many years, to establish an effective and well connected system of communication for trees and plants in any particular area of our land. The older the trees, the least amount of changes in the landscape of any region, the better it is for the communication system of the trees and plants of the area.
“One thing you cannot forget, our young princess,” Beatriz added, is that trees, need each other for their survival. This lesson, I hope you remember well.”
Esmeralda remained in awe and speechless for a few moments at such fascinating information and vowed to always remember the lessons learned from the animals of the Torbeo’s kingdom.
“We will also remember you, Esmeralda, and we promise to come to your rescue whenever you need us. Our pact of friendship is mutual, for you have shown respect and concerns for our issues as well.” With those words, the Galician pony spoke, representing the animal kingdom of Torbeo. Then, slowly, one, by one, the creatures of the forest, who had traveled far to console the young princess child, lined up to kiss the princess’ hand and bow in reverence to their princess as they departed now in caravan to their houses, in and among the trees of Torbeo’s magical land.
This time, the creatures of the forest and the rivers of Galicia’s Torbeo, carried a song of hope within their hearts, as they awaited for the gifted child to grow someday and to represent their plight before the humans of the world. They sang this tune, as they walked back to their homes through the land of Torbeo: “We, the animals, plants and trees of the earth, hope to teach the humans our peaceful ways someday. Look at us, we never create wars with each other… Learn from our peaceful ways... You will never hear one word of complain as they cut our limbs for food, clothing, shelter or even fire. Learn from our peaceful ways, we work hard and you will never hear one word of complain… learn from our peaceful ways, our children and yours will all die in a world without peace… please learn from our peaceful ways, let us all live in peace with each other.”
The song could be heard for hours from every corner of the kingdom until it faded into a gentle whistle which became pearls of treasure for Esmeralda’s heart. The young princess was especially touched by the wisdom of the creatures of the earth. “I am proud of my land and its gifts of wisdom and generosity.”
“Que hora es?” I asked Esmeralda, since she was well educated in languages, she immediately responded, “I know, I know, it is time for our history lesson.” There (Off) we went, the Princess leading the way with her gallant stride, even as a young child anyone could tell that she was becoming a great leader for her people already.
“History is very important, my young princess. We must learn from history and always look back in times at the mistakes the world has made so they do not get repeated. We must also learn about the marvels of the human spirit, the best qualities and heroism of great leaders, while imitating their accomplishments.”
“One fact, I have learned, Esmeralda, true, as the rising sun every day, is that the arts and those who respect it, also education, are the most fortunate in any specie of the world and usually, are the best leaders for any country of the earth. Therefore, my dear child, prepare for today’s history class.”
“Let’s start with attendance and punctuality: “Harry?” “Present, Dr. Smatt.” My students always addressed me by my last name and by my, degree when in the class as a reminder of the significance and importance of their education. As background information to all my readers, I hold a PHD degree in education in all of the necessary subjects for the education of the finest princesses of the world, like Esmeralda. Therefore, anyone holding superior degrees of eight years or more are called, either Doctor, depending on the specialty or Professor.
Back to our class roll; “Alex?” “Present, Dr. Smatt.” “Princess Isabel?” “Here, Dr. Smatt.”
“Noodles?”
“Where is Noodles?” I said as I looked around the garden and saw what looked like a speeding ball of white legged fur. “Here, here! Please do not mark me late, Dr. Smatt, I was chasing an intruder away for the protection of our princess!”
“Mr. Noodles, may I dare to ask who the intruder was this time?” With that everyone laughed and I had to redirect the students’ attention to classroom composure. “Please, allow me to hear our student’s response, as I am myself very curious to know what kind of “terror” could have threatened our princess with such urgency, posing such imminent risk to her life?”
“Well, Mr. Noodles, I am awaiting for your response. My patience has been tried enough with your this week and is running very thin already.”
“Well, “ said Noodles, “You see, grrr, grrr,” Noodles, cleared his throat several times. “Where do I start?”
“From the beginning, Mr. Noodles! Where else would you start: From the beginning, Mr. Noodles!” I said in futile despair.
“I was outside…outside by the east side of our garden, laying on the grass, you see, when all of a sudden, out of the clear blue, this, this…”
“Go on Mr. Noodles, you have taken enough of our time already!”
“This giant monster, appeared and it, well, it… I was afraid, it would hurt someone, so…”
“Giant monster! It would hurt someone? Go on, please finish your story. Now, I am getting even more intrigued by the minute.” I replied
“Well, it went off running and I wanted to save the princess… I, well, I am a hero, really, but no one ever gives me any credit for my valor and courage, but I am a real hero, just, that no one ever appreciates me.”
“What kind of monster Mr. Noodles? Please go on, Mr. Noodles.”
“Well, it was a cat… but not just any cat… it was a cat with long, sharp claws that could destroy anyone in an instant, grrr, a cat that could…well, could frighten our sweet princess, and then, well…one may never know and then, I thought: I better chase after it, I was not going to allow any danger near this castle… No way. Uhn, Uhn, no way I would allow any danger near our precious princess!”
“A cat! Mr. Noodles! A terrifying cat that could harm us! A monster! A 13 inches monster!
“I have heard enough Mr. Noodles, please have a sit and I certainly expect you to stop chasing after cats, birds, frogs, or any other peaceful creature in our garden? Surely, Mr. Noodles, you are old enough to stop teasing the friendly guests of our magical garden; I expect you to refrain from this sort of behavior once and for all or I may have to curtail the time you spend in our garden from now on. Pull your card, at once, before you sit down in your rock for today’s lesson. And, Mr. Noodles, now that you have started the day in yellow, I do not expect you to go to red today!”
“Esmeralda, dear,” I continued, “do you remember where we left us our history lesson yesterday?”
“Yes, Professor Smatt, we left off discussing our Celtics ancestors and the legacy of courage and loyalty to our land that they left us to our current generation.”
“Well said, Esmeralda, now let’s us continue. As you remember, the ancient Celtic tribes are our oldest ancestors and their heritage dates back to Ireland and Scotland up to 600 years Before Christ, this equates to almost, three thousand years ago, that is how old this significant part our history dates back. Therefore, as all of you students, can imagine, these first and most ancient Celtic roots of ours, continue to define and to set us apart from any other parts of the world.
Around 50 AD Galicia was invaded by the Romans. However, the local inhabitants, fiercely opposed this Roman invasion and during the 5th Century, the Galicians, together with the Suevi XXXX formed the first medieval kingdom to be created in Europe. We are also very proud of this fact.
There were two other invaders in 584 AD and 718 AD: The Visigoth and the Moors. Nevertheless, these invasions did not last long and did not quell the original spirit of our Celtic settlers, now called Galicians XXXXX. In the year 739 AD the King of Asturias, Spain, drove out the Moors and all other invaders out of the entire country of Spain permanently and this era consolidated Galicia as a Christian kingdom, speaking a Romance language (Castilian/Spanish).
Occasionally, the Galician coasts were raided by the Normans/Vikings during the 9th and 10th centuries and it was then, that the Towers of Catoira XXXXX were built as a system of fortifications to stop the Vikings raids on Galicia’s capital: Santiago de Compostela.XXXXX
Not that long ago, the King of Spain, Alfonso X of Castile standardized the Castilian language and made it the official language for Galician court and government. However, still remaining is the secondary language of Galicia, “Gallego” or “Galician” dialect as part of our Galician heritage.
“Well, this my dear students, ends our history lesson for today.”
“Siesta time!” Noodles, yelled. “Then, tea time, or shall we say: Treat time, my favorite time of the day!”
Since class was officially over, I could not say much to Noodles for his, not atypical, “volcanic eruption,” as I called them. Instead I was myself, surprised when the words: “Congratulations, Mr. Noodles,” came rolled out of my lips, “you did not move to red, I am very proud of your improvement today.”
“Let’s have our siesta... you too, Mr. Noodles, please follow us.”
November 29, 2010 in Current Affairs | Permalink
